The human papillomavirus (HPV) stands as the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide. Given its widespread nature and potential health implications, understanding HPV is crucial for everyone. This article delves into the intricacies of HPV, covering its transmission, various strains, potential health risks, and, most importantly, prevention strategies.
From dispelling common myths to highlighting the significance of vaccination, we aim to equip you with the knowledge needed to make informed decisions about your sexual health. By exploring both low-risk and high-risk HPV strains, we shed light on the importance of regular screenings and proactive healthcare practices. This comprehensive guide is your go-to resource for navigating the complexities of HPV and safeguarding your well-being. Let’s explore the world of HPV together, separating fact from fiction and empowering you to take control of your health.
What is HPV?
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a group of more than 200 related viruses, some of which are spread through sexual contact. According to the CDC, roughly 14 million people get HPV each year, and nearly 80 million Americans are currently diagnosed with it. It is so common that most sexually active people who aren’t vaccinated against HPV will become infected at some point. About 85 out of 100 people who are sexually active have a chance of being infected with HPV. HPV can be transmitted through sex and through skin-to-skin contact, which includes genital to genital or mouth to genital contact.
The vast majority of HPV infections are asymptomatic, meaning most people don’t even know they have it. It is possible to be infected with more than one HPV strain at a time. Different strains of HPV cause warts on different areas of the body, including the feet, hands, and face.
HPV and Your Immune System
More than 90% of all new HPV infections go away or become undetectable on their own within two years. It is currently unknown as to why some people’s immune systems can clear the HPV infection and some cannot. Some HPV infections can stay in the body and lead to complications, like genital warts.
About 40 strains of HPV affect the genital area, but most of those don’t pose a serious health risk. Strains of HPV are identified by number and are sorted into low-risk and high-risk categories.
Low-Risk HPV Strains
Most low-risk genital HPV strains don’t cause symptoms and become undetectable when the body builds immunity to the virus. These strains have no association with cancer, but can lead to genital warts, which can appear on the vulva, penis, cervix, vagina, scrotum, anus, mouth, and throat. Most of these warts are caused by two different strains of HPV, types 6 and 11. Some low-risk HPV strains can cause mild cervical dysplasia (abnormal, non-precancerous changes in the cells on the surface of the cervix).
High-Risk HPV Strains
Infection with a high-risk HPV strain can lead to more extensive cervical dysplasia and to certain types of cancer. There are at least 12 strains of HPV that are considered high-risk, but types 16 and 18 cause the majority of HPV-related cancers, about 70%. These cancers can affect the cervix, vagina, vulva, penis, anus, throat, tongue, and tonsils.
HPV Vaccination: Your Best Defense
Gardasil-9 (9vHPV) is the vaccine distributed in the United States. It protects against nine types of HPV (6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52 and 58). It is available to children as young as 9 years old. It is recommended that children ages 11–12 should get 2 doses of the HPV vaccine, given 6 to 12 months apart. Only 2 doses are needed if the first dose is given before the 15th birthday. If a person receives the vaccines less than 5 months apart, has a weakened immune system, or is between the ages of 15 and 26, a third dose is required.
It is not generally recommended that a person who is older than 26 gets the vaccine, as it generally provides less benefit at this point. However, some adults age 27 to 45 who are not already vaccinated may decide with their doctor to receive the vaccine if their level of risk for new HPV infections is high.
The Impact of HPV Vaccination
The HPV vaccination works very well and has the potential to prevent more than 90% of cancers caused by HPV. Since the vaccine became widely available in 2006, fewer teens and young adults are getting genital warts and the number of cases of pre-cancer on the cervix in young women has been reduced.
In conclusion, HPV is a common virus with varying degrees of health implications. While most infections clear on their own, certain high-risk strains can lead to serious health issues, including cancer. Vaccination stands as the most effective way to prevent HPV infections and related complications. Regular screenings and proactive healthcare practices are crucial for maintaining your sexual health and overall well-being.
Stay informed, get vaccinated, and prioritize your health. Health Talk is committed to providing you with the resources and knowledge you need to make informed decisions about your sexual health journey.